Testicular Cancer
What is Testicular Cancer?
The testicles are the main male reproductive organs located in the scrotum. The testicles make sperm and the hormone testosterone. Testicular cancer occurs when cells in one or both testicles grow out of control. In Canada, testicular cancer is the most common type of cancer found in young men.
Common Symptoms
The most common symptom is a lump or growth in or around one of the testicles that is painless.
Other possible symptoms may include:
Swelling of the testicle, with or without pain
A dull ache or pain or a feeling of heaviness in the scrotum
Tenderness or changes in the male breast tissue
Other health conditions can cause similar symptoms as testicular cancer. If you find any lump, swelling or firm part of the testicle, you should see a health care provider.
Talk with your doctor if you find a lump that lasts longer than two weeks. Other possible causes of scrotal enlargement or swelling includes:
Epididymitis: swelling of the epididymis. Often treated with antibiotics.
Testicular torsion: twisting of the testicles. Often treated with surgery.
Inguinal hernia: when parts of the abdominal cavity (intestine or fatty tissue) pokes through a weak part of the stomach muscles near the groin. Often treated with surgery.
Hydrocele: when fluid builds up in the scrotum. This is not dangerous but can be treated with surgery if it is bothersome.
Diagnosis
Physical exam: The first step in diagnosis is usually a physical exam to determine if any abnormalities can be felt.
Ultrasound: Imaging used to examine the scrotum and testicles to confirm if there is a tumour, to check its size and shape, and where it is.
Serum Tumour Marker Test: Blood samples are examined for tumour markers which are substances produced by some testicular tumours. An abnormal amount of a certain tumour marker may mean that a person has testicular cancer.
CT Scans: These scans may be used to help detect any spread of cancer.
Treatment
The initial treatment for any stage of testicular cancer is to remove the testicle and spermatic cord (called radical orchiectomy). After radical orchiectomy, other treatments such as additional surgery, chemotherapy or radiation may also be offered.